Sally's research focuses on neuroinflammator mechanisms in Alzheimer's. Her priority is to develop practical and effective approaches, particularly nutritional, for stopping this tragic disease. She is currently conducting a clinical trial NCT01811381 combining yoga and curcumin with veterans at risk for Mild cognitive impairment with her coPI Edmond Teng, PhD, MD. This is based on extensive data from her and others work, supporting the fact that curcumin targets multiple aspects of the disease, not just oxidative damage, but corrects chronic ineffective inflammation as well as stimulates effective resolution of inflammation. Further it enhances a safe mechanism of removal of toxic aggregates, termed 'autophagy'.
Dr. Frautschy's focus in her graduate & initial post-graduate work was to understand the adverse effects of chronic stress on physiology, intrigued by the work of Hans Selye who in 1956 coined a word "stress" from physics to use to describe the physiological/chemical response to a psychological reaction. She worked under experts in the field of 'stress' , completing her MS under the late Gary Moberg at UC Davis in 1980 and PhD in 1986 under Professor Robert Liptrap, DVM, PHD at Univ. of Guelph, Ontario Canada (also a photographer.) After completing her Phd, she trained with Dipak Sarkar (UCSD, now at Rutgers) to study the mechanisms of inferitility caused by high levels of glucocorticoids, which results from chronic stress, a common problem which increases risk for several disease including PTSD and Alzheimer's. During her 2nd post doc with Dr. Andrew Baird & directorship of Roger Guillemin (a nobel laureate who did his post doc under Hans Selye), Sally worked on brain injury induction of neurotrophic factors where she began her collaboration with Dr. Cole . Many neurotrophic factors become elevated in the Alzheimer brain as a 'response' to injury. In 1988, Dr. Frautschy, in collaboration with Dr. Cole, decided to evaluate the brain's response to human amyloid, and was the first to describe the inflammatory response. She spends her spare time, doing yoga, running and taking care of her dogs
- Selected peer-reviewed publications (from most recent).
Loss of MAP function leads to hippocampal synapse loss and deficits in the Morris Water Maze with aging. Ma QL, Zuo X, Yang F, Ubeda OJ, Gant DJ, Alaverdyan M, Kiosea NC, Nazari S, Chen PP, Nothias F, Chan P, Teng E, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. J Neurosci. 2014 May 21;34(21):7124-36. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3439-13.2014. PMID: 24849348
Curcumin suppresses soluble tau dimers and corrects molecular chaperone, synaptic, and behavioral deficits in aged human tau transgenic mice. Ma QL, Zuo X, Yang F, Ubeda OJ, Gant DJ, Alaverdyan M, Teng E, Hu S, Chen PP, Maiti P, Teter B, Cole GM, Frautschy SA. J Biol Chem. 2013 Feb 8;288(6):4056-65. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.393751. Epub 2012 Dec 21. PMID: 23264626
Protection of primary neurons and mouse brain from Alzheimer's pathology by molecular tweezers. Attar A, Ripoli C, Riccardi E, Maiti P, Li Puma DD, Liu T, Hayes J, Jones MR, Lichti-Kaiser K, Yang F, Gale GD, Tseng CH, Tan M, Xie CW, Straudinger JL, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Frautschy SA, Grassi C, Bitan G. Brain. 2012 Dec;135(Pt 12):3735-48. doi: 10.1093/brain/aws289. Epub 2012 Nov 26. PMID: 23183235
PAK in Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease and X-linked mental retardation. Ma QL, Yang F, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. Cell Logist. 2012 Apr 1;2(2):117-125. PMID: 23162743Oral curcumin for Alzheimer's disease: tolerability and efficacy in a 24-week randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Ringman JM, Frautschy SA, Teng E, Begum AN, Bardens J, Beigi M, Gylys KH, Badmaev V, Heath DD, Apostolova LG, Porter V, Vanek Z, Marshall GA, Hellemann G, Sugar C, Masterman DL, Montine TJ, Cummings JL, Cole GM. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2012 Oct 29;4(5):43. doi: 10.1186/alzrt146. eCollection 2012. PMID: 23107780
Improvement of neuropathology and transcriptional deficits in CAG 140 knock-in mice supports a beneficial effect of dietary curcumin in Huntington's disease. Hickey MA, Zhu C, Medvedeva V, Lerner RP, Patassini S, Franich NR, Maiti P, Frautschy SA, Zeitlin S, Levine MS, Chesselet MF. Mol Neurodegener. 2012 Apr 4;7:12. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-7-12. PMID: 22475209
Lack of efficacy of curcumin on neurodegeneration in the mouse model of Niemann-Pick C1. Borbon IA, Hillman Z, Duran E Jr, Kiela PR, Frautschy SA, Erickson RP. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2012 Mar;101(1):125-31. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.12.009. Epub 2011 Dec 17. PMID: 22202649
[F-18]FDDNP microPET imaging correlates with brain Aβ burden in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer disease: effects of aging, in vivo blockade, and anti-Aβ antibody treatment. Teng E, Kepe V, Frautschy SA, Liu J, Satyamurthy N, Yang F, Chen PP, Cole GB, Jones MR, Huang SC, Flood DG, Trusko SP, Small GW, Cole GM, Barrio JR. Neurobiol Dis. 2011 Sep;43(3):565-75. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.05.003. Epub 2011 May 13. PMID: 21605674
What was lost in translation in the DHA trial is whom you should intend to treat.
Frautschy SA, Cole GM. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2011 Jan 20;3(1):2. doi: 10.1186/alzrt61. PMID: 21251328
Dietary fatty acids and the aging brain. Cole GM, Ma QL, Frautschy SA. Nutr Rev. 2010 Dec;68 Suppl 2:S102-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00345.x. Review. PMID: 21091943
Why pleiotropic interventions are needed for Alzheimer's disease. Frautschy SA, Cole GM. Mol Neurobiol. 2010 Jun;41(2-3):392-409. doi: 10.1007/s12035-010-8137-1. Epub 2010 May 2. Review. PMID: 20437209
Thinking outside the box about COX-1 in Alzheimer's disease. Frautschy SA. Neurobiol Dis. 2010 Jun;38(3):492-4. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.02.009. Epub 2010 Mar 2 PMID: 20206264Mechanisms of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Cole GM, Frautschy SA. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2010 Apr;9(2):140-8. Review. PMID:20205646 .
DHA may prevent age-related dementia. Cole GM, Frautschy SA. J Nutr. 2010 Apr;140(4):869-74. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.113910. Epub 2010 Feb 24. Review. PMID: 20181786
Short-term total sleep deprivation in the rat increases antioxidant responses in multiple brain regions without impairing spontaneous alternation behavior. Ramanathan L, Hu S, Frautschy SA, Siegel JM. Behav Brain Res. 2010 Mar 5;207(2):305-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.10.014. Epub 2009 Oct 20. PMID: 19850085
Beta-amyloid oligomers induce phosphorylation of tau and inactivation of insulin receptor substrate via c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling: suppression by omega-3 fatty acids and curcumin. Ma QL, Yang F, Rosario ER, Ubeda OJ, Beech W, Gant DJ, Chen PP, Hudspeth B, Chen C, Zhao Y, Vinters HV, Frautschy SA, Cole GM.
J Neurosci. 2009 Jul 15;29(28):9078-89. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1071-09.2009. PMID: 19605645
Omega-3 fatty acids and dementia. Cole GM, Ma QL, Frautschy SA. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2009 Aug-Sep;81(2-3):213-21. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2009.05.015. Epub 2009 Jun 12. Review. PMID: 19523795
Reduction of SorLA/LR11, a sorting protein limiting beta-amyloid production, in Alzheimer disease cerebrospinal fluid. Ma QL, Galasko DR, Ringman JM, Vinters HV, Edland SD, Pomakian J, Ubeda OJ, Rosario ER, Teter B, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. Arch Neurol. 2009 Apr;66(4):448-57. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.22. PMID: 19364929
Use of copper and insulin-resistance to accelerate cognitive deficits and synaptic protein loss in a rat Abeta-infusion Alzheimer's disease model. Begum AN, Yang F, Teng E, Hu S, Jones MR, Rosario ER, Beech W, Hudspeth B, Ubeda OJ, Cole GM, Frautschy SA. J Alzheimers Dis. 2008 Dec;15(4):625-40. PMID: 19096161
GSK3 inhibitors show benefits in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model of neurodegeneration but adverse effects in control animals. Hu S, Begum AN, Jones MR, Oh MS, Beech WK, Beech BH, Yang F, Chen P, Ubeda OJ, Kim PC, Davies P, Ma Q, Cole GM, Frautschy SA. Neurobiol Dis. 2009 Feb;33(2):193-206. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.10.007. Epub 2008 Nov 5. PMID: 19038340
Exercise can increase small heat shock proteins (sHSP) and pre- and post-synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. Hu S, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F, Frautschy SA. Brain Res. 2009 Jan 16;1249:191-201. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.10.054. Epub 2008 Nov 5. PMID:19014914Curcumin structure-function, bioavailability, and efficacy in models of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Begum AN, Jones MR, Lim GP, Morihara T, Kim P, Heath DD, Rock CL, Pruitt MA, Yang F, Hudspeth B, Hu S, Faull KF, Teter B, Cole GM, Frautschy SA. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Jul;326(1):196-208. doi: 10.1124/jpet.108.137455. Epub 2008 Apr 16. PMID: 18417733
p21-activated kinase-aberrant activation and translocation in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Ma QL, Yang F, Calon F, Ubeda OJ, Hansen JE, Weisbart RH, Beech W, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. J Biol Chem. 2008 May 16;283(20):14132-43. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M708034200. Epub 2008 Mar 17. PMID: 18347024Omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid increases SorLA/LR11, a sorting protein with reduced expression in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD): relevance to AD prevention. Ma QL, Teter B, Ubeda OJ, Morihara T, Dhoot D, Nyby MD, Tuck ML, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. J Neurosci. 2007 Dec 26;27(52):14299-307. PMID 18160637
Evidence of Abeta- and transgene-dependent defects in ERK-CREB signaling in Alzheimer's models. Ma QL, Harris-White ME, Ubeda OJ, Simmons M, Beech W, Lim GP, Teter B, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. J Neurochem. 2007 Nov;103(4):1594-607. Epub 2007 Aug 30. PMID: 17760871Neuroprotective effects of curcumin. Cole GM, Teter B, Frautschy SA. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:197-212. Review. PMID: 17569212
Cole GM, Frautschy SA. Docosahexaenoic acid protects from amyloid and dendritic pathology in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.
Nutr Health. 2006;18(3):249-59. Review. -
Cole GM, Frautschy SA. The role of insulin and neurotrophic factor signaling in brain aging and Alzheimer's Disease.Exp Gerontol. 2007 Jan-Feb;42(1-2):10-21. Epub 2006 Oct 17.
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Cole GM, Frautschy SA. Cat and mouse. Neuron. 2006 Sep 21;51(6):671-2.
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Cole GM, Frautschy SA. Alzheimer's amyloid story finds its star. Trends Mol Med. 2006 Sep;12(9):395-6. Epub 2006 Aug 1.
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Malm T, Ort M, Tahtivaara L, Jukarainen N, Goldsteins G, Puolivali J, Nurmi A, Pussinen R, Ahtoniemi T, Miettinen TK, Kanninen K, Leskinen S, Vartiainen N, Yrjanheikki J, Laatikainen R, Harris-White ME, Koistinaho M, Frautschy SA, Bures J, Koistinaho J. Free in PMC beta-Amyloid infusion results in delayed and age-dependent learning deficits without role of inflammation or beta-amyloid deposits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 6;103(23):8852-7. Epub 2006 May 24.
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Zhao L, Ma QL, Calon F, Harris-White ME, Yang F, Lim GP, Morihara T, Ubeda OJ, Ambegaokar S, Hansen JE, Weisbart RH, Teter B, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. Role of p21-activated kinase pathway defects in the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer disease.Nat Neurosci. 2006 Feb;9(2):234-42. Epub 2006 Jan 15.
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Ma QL, Lim GP, Harris-White ME, Yang F, Ambegaokar SS, Ubeda OJ, Glabe CG, Teter B, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. Antibodies against beta-amyloid reduce Abeta oligomers, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activation and tau phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Feb 15;83(3):374-84.
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Cole GM, Lim GP, Yang F, Teter B, Begum A, Ma Q, Harris-White ME, Frautschy SA. Prevention of Alzheimer's disease: Omega-3 fatty acid and phenolic anti-oxidant interventions. Neurobiol Aging. 2005 Dec;26 Suppl 1:133-6. Epub 2005 Nov 2. Review.
Harris-White ME, Frautschy SA. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins (LRPs), Alzheimer's and cognition. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord. 2005 Oct;4(5):469-80. Review.-
Calon F, Lim GP, Morihara T, Yang F, Ubeda O, Salem N Jr, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion activates caspases and decreases NMDA receptors in the brain of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Aug;22(3):617-26. -
Heath DD, Pruitt MA, Brenner DE, Begum AN, Frautschy SA, Rock CL. Tetrahydrocurcumin in plasma and urine: quantitation by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2005 Sep 25;824(1-2):206-12.
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Ringman JM, Frautschy SA, Cole GM, Masterman DL, Cummings JL. A potential role of the curry spice curcumin in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2005 Apr;2(2):131-6. Review.
Xie Z, Harris-White ME, Wals PA, Frautschy SA, Finch CE, Morgan TE. Apolipoprotein J (clusterin) activates rodent microglia in vivo and in vitro. J Neurochem. 2005 May;93(4):1038-46.
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G. P. Lim, F. Calon, T Morihara, F Yang, O. Ubeda, N. Salem, S A. Frautschy, and Greg M. Cole. A diet enriched with the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid reduces amyloid burden in an aged Alzheimer mouse model. 2005. J. Neurosci. 25:3032-40 .
- L Zhao, B. Teter, T. Morihara, S.S. Ambegaokar, O.J. Ubeda, S.A. Frautschy, G.M. Cole. 2004. Insulin-Degrading Enzyme as a downstream target of insulin receptor signaling cascade: implications for Alzheimer's disease intervention. J. Neuroscience. 24(49):11120 –11126
- Yang F, Lim GP, Begum AN, Ubeda OJ, Simmons MR, Ambegaokar SS, Chen PP, Kayed R, Glabe CG, Frautschy SA, Cole GM.Curcumin Inhibits Formation of Amyloid {beta} Oligomers and Fibrils, Binds Plaques, and Reduces Amyloid in Vivo. J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 18;280(7):5892-901
- F Calon, GP Lim, F Yang, O Ubeda, P Rostaing,A Triller, N Salem Jr., SA Frautschy & G M Cole 2004. Docosahexaenoic acid protects from post-synaptic marker loss in an AD model.Neuron. 42:633-45.
- Cole GM, Morihara T, Lim GP, Yang F, Begum A, Frautschy SA. NSAID and Antioxidant Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Lessons from In Vitro and Animal Models. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 :68-84
- Role of LRP in TGFß2-Mediated Neuronal Uptake of Aß & Effects on Memory ME. Harris-White, Z Balverde, GP. Lim, P Kim, SA. Miller, H Hammer, D Galasko, SA. Frautschy 2004 J Neuroscience Res . 77:217–228.
- JM. Craft, DM Watterson, SA. Frautschy, LJ. Van Eldik Aminopyridazines inhibit ß-amyloid-induced glial activation and neuronal damage in vivo. 2004. Neurobiol Aging 25 (10) 1283-92.
- X Sun, GM Cole, T Chu, W Xia, D Galasko, H Yamaguchi, K Tanemura, SA. Frautschy and A Takashima. 2002 Intracellular Aß is increased by okadaic acid exposure in transfected neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines. Neurobiology of Aging 23:195-203
- Lim, GP,Chu, T., Yang, F, Beech, W., Frautschy, SA, Cole, GM 2001 The curry spice curcumin reduces oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse. J. Neurosci 21:8370-8377.
- Lim, GP, Yang, F, Chu, T, Gahtan, E, Ubeda,O, Beech, W, Overmier, JB, Hsiao Ashe K, Frautschy, SA, Cole, GM Ibuprofen effects on Alzheimer pathology and open field activity in APPsw transgenic mice. Neurobiol Aging. 22: (6) nov-dec 2001. 983-981
- Frautschy, S.A., Hu, W., Miller, S.A., Kim, P., Harris-White, M.E., Cole, G.M.. 2001. Phenolic Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant reversal of Aß-induced Cognitive Deficits and neuropathology. Neurobiology of Aging. 22: (6) nov-dec 2001. pp 991-1003
- Harris-White, ME, Chu, T, Miller, SA, Simmons, M, Nash, D, Teter, B, Cole, GM, Frautschy, SA 2001. Estrogen (E2) and Glucocorticoid (Gc) Effects on microglia and Aß Clearance In vitro and In vivo. Neurochemistry International. 39 (5-6):435-448
- Lim, GP, Yang F, Chu T, Chen, P, Beech, W, Teter, B., Tran, T, Ubeda O, Hsiao Ashe K, Frautschy SA, Cole GM 2000. Ibuprofen reduces inflammation and plaque pathology in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuroscience;20 5709-5714.
- Cole, G.M., Beech, W. , Frautschy, S.A. , Sigel, J., Glasgow, C., Ard, M.D. Lipoprotein effects on Aß accumulation and degradation by microglia in vitro. J. Neurosci. Res. 1999 57:504-520
- Mega, M.S., Chu, T., Thompson, P.M., Mazziotta, J.C., Trivedi,K.H., Thompson, P.M., Shah, A., Cole, G.M. , Frautschy, S.A., and Toga, A.W. (1999) Amyloid ß protein density and cortical metabolism in FDG-PET in Alzheimer's disease. 1999. Neuroreport 10:2911-2917
- Teter,B., Harris-White, M.E., Frautschy,S.A., Cole, G.M. Role of apolipoprotein E and estrogen in mossy fiber sprouting in hippocampal slice cultures. Neuroscience. 1998 91:1009-1016
- Pannizon, K., Frautschy, S.A., Wallis, R.A. 1998. BCL-2 peptide inhibits apopotosis from traumatic in hippocampal slices. Dec. 18. Neuroreport. 9:4131.
- T. Chu, J.J. Sigel, G.M. Cole, S.A. Frautschy. Chloroquine and Leupeptin induce intracellular accumulation of Aß42 in N9 microglial cells and after icv injection into mice. FEBS Letters 436:439-444. 1998.
- Harris-White, M.E., Chu, T., Sigel, J.J., Flanders, K.C., Frautschy, S.A. Effects TGFßs(1-3) on Aß deposition and inflammation in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. J. Neurosci. 18:.10366-10374. 1998.
- Frautschy, S.A., Horn, D.L., Yang,F., Mendoza, J.J., Sigel, J.J., Harris-Whie, M.E., Saido, T.C., Cole, G.M. 1998. Protease inhibitor co-infusion with amyloid ß-protein results in enhanced deposition and toxicity in rat brain. J. Neurosci. 18(20). 8311-8321.
- Harris-White, M.E., S. Zanotti, S.A. Frautschy. Charles, A. 1998. Calcium oscillations in murine organotypic hippocampal slices. J. Neurophysiol.,79:1045-1052.
- Yang, F. Sun, X., Beech, W., Teter, B., Wu, S., Sigel, J., Frautschy, S.A., Cole, G.M. (1998) Antibody to Caspase-Cleaved Actin Detects Apoptosis in Differentiated Neuroblastoma and Neurons and Plaque-Associated Neurons and Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease American J. Pathology. 152: 379-389. 1998.
- Frautschy, S.A. Yang, F., Irrizarry, M., Hyman, B., Saido, T.C., Hsiao, K., Cole, G.M. Microglial response to amyloid plaques in APPsw transgenic mice. Amer. J., Pathol. 152: 307-317. 1998.
- Frautschy,S.A., Yang, F., Calderón, L., Cole, G.M. 1996. Rodent Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Rat Aß Infusion Approaches to Amyloid Deposits. Neurobiol of Aging17:311-321.
- Hanneken, A., Frautschy, S.A., Galasko, D. and Baird, A. Soluble Forms of the High Affinity FGF receptor in Cerebral Spinal Fluid.Neuroreport. 6:886-888. 1995.
Logan, A., M. Berry, A.M. Gonzalez, Frautschy, S.A., M.B. Sporn, and A. Baird. Effects of TGF ß1 on scar production in the injured central nervous system of the rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 6:355-363. 1994.
Winkler, J., Connor, D.J., Frautschy, S.A., Behl, C., Waite, J.J., Cole, G.M., Thal, L.J. Lack of Long-Term Effects after beta-amyloid protein injections in rat brain. Neurobiology of Aging 15:601-607. 1994.
- Frautschy, S.A., G.M. Cole, and A. Baird. The comparative effects of injury and amyloid injection on Alzheimer’s antigens in the rat brain. In: Alzheimer’s Disease: Advances in Clinical and Basic Research. B. Corain, et al. (eds). pp. 507-516. 1993.
Frautschy, S.A., G.M. Cole, and A. Baird. Phagocytosis and deposition of vascular ß-amyloid in rat brains injected with Alzheimer ß-amyloid. Am. J. Pathol. 140:1389-1399, 1992.
Waite, J., G.M. Cole, Frautschy, S.A., D.M. Conner, and L. Thal. Solvent effects of ß-protein in the rat in vivo. Neurobiol. Aging 13:595-599, 1992.
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Frautschy, S.A., A. Baird, and G.M. Cole. Effects of injected Alzheimer-amyloid cores in rat brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:8362-8366, 1991.